I would say yes. The entitlement to disability compensation is for those conditions that are unfitting that are incurred while entitled to basic pay. Until you are separated/retired, you should be eligible for disability processing.
That being said, it would have to be a new condition or a
serious worsening of an existing condition. It would likely be extremely difficult to get a new
MEB, absent something clearly warranting one. I would say you would probably have a better chance of success if you are hospitalized.