It is best to fight this out tooth and nail while you are still in service. However, some of your more effective appeal options will not be available to you (most likely) until you are separated.
My first thought is to tackle the profile issue first. If you are sick in quarters a day a week, you should have some sort of profile (and, it certainly sounds like it should be at least a P3- which should trigger an MEB). I am not sure if all of your efforts have been directed so far towards getting the MEB. Maybe you need to hit the 50 meter target first and get the profile issue addressed. If you succeed with that, I think the rest will fall into place.
You might want to consider a Congressional inquiry at this point. I tend to not favor that course of action because it often is not that helpful. However, every once in a while it is helpful and I could see it being so in your case. I would not pin my hopes on this, but seeing as how you are running into brick walls, I don't see a downside here. I would focus on the two issues- why you have no profile and why you are not being referred to an MEB.
Maybe see if your commander will refer you for a fit for duty examination. That may end up triggering an MEB if you are found to fail retention standards.
Have you tried to change PCMs? Again, this is not something I usually think is a good idea as a standard approach. However, it sounds like your doc is just bad and is neither addressing your medical problems nor following up administratively (via issuing a profile or referring you to an MEB).
As an outside shot (and I mean a real long shot), it is possible to get a directed PEB by the CDR, HRC:
Per AR 635-40:
"Initiation of Medical Evaluation
4–6. Referral by headquarters
The commander, USAHRC, upon recommendation of The Surgeon General, may refer a Soldier to the responsible
MTF for medical evaluation when a question arises as to the Soldier’s ability to perform the duties of his or her office,
grade, rank, or rating because of physical disability.
4–7. Referral by commanders of medical treatment facilities
Commanders of MTFs who are treating Soldiers in an assigned, attached, or outpatient status may initiate action to
evaluate the Soldier’s physical ability to perform the duties of their office, grade, rank, or rating.
4–8. Referral by commanders
When a commander believes that a Soldier of their command is unable to perform the duties of their office, grade,
rank, or rating because of physical disability, the commander will refer the Soldier to the responsible MTF for
evaluation. The request for evaluation will be in writing and will state the commander’s reasons for believing that the
Soldier is unable to perform his or her duties. DD Form 689 (Individual Sick Slip) may be used for such referral (AR
40–66). Commanders of Reserve units not on active duty will be guided by AR 40–501 and chapter 8, of this
regulation."
The first step under Para. 4-6 is gaining recommendation of the Surgeon General. Unfortunately, there is no "easy way" to get that recommendation. So, you may have to "color outside the lines" (thoughts that come to mind are submitting a memorandum request laying out your circumstances- especially the time you miss from duty- with evidence to the Surgeon General; or perhaps a concurrent request to CDR, HRC, requesting evaluation of your circumstances by the SG). Or, perhaps requesting Congressional assistance with getting evaluation by the SG. None of these steps are likely to make you popular; also no guarantee that they will work. But, they may work; if they don't you will have certainly made your position clear and this may help with later appeals.
I think it would be easiest if the MTF just did the right thing and initiated an MEB, or if your commander initiated an evaluation under Para. 4-8. I am just suggesting that there are some options before you are separated.
If you are not successful, I think your route for appeal lies with the ABCMR or in court.
Hope all goes well!
